Cyberpunk 2077 characters' backgrounds reveal why some information is more apparent than other parts, but this aspect of V's story is more mysterious. Nevertheless, one early quest directly indicates what the protagonist's full name is.
[Warning: The following article contains spoilers for Cyberpunk 2077.]
Once players progress far enough past the initial starting heist that has V and Jackie Wells stealing Johnny Silverhand's construct shard from Araska tower, the "Automatic Love" quest eventually becomes available after talking with Takemura. The mission is to track down Evelyn Parker, which leads V to the dollhouse, Clouds, in Westbrook's Japantown. During the encounter with a doll, V's full first name is revealed throughout the conversation. While most Cyberpunk 2077 characters romance at Clouds, V is there strictly for information regarding Evelyn Parker. And, because the dolls have access to an extensive database of information (V's name included), they can get personal with individuals.
As revealed by the doll at Clouds, V's full name can either be Vincent (male) or Valerie (female). What's fascinating about this is that it's more or less irrelevant to the story - or so it seems. What appears to be a minor story detail is actually a deep world-building detail to the overall narrative of the protagonist.
Cyberpunk 2077 - What V's Full Name Reveals About Their Character
V's name, while being a seemingly small detail, does play into a wider narrative. At the beginning of a playthrough, players can choose between Cyberpunk 2077's Nomad, Street Kid, or Corpo lifepath. The choice does affect the beginning stats, but it also affects more than that; essentially, it adds to the lore of the character, which introduces different perspectives of the Night City life. In that case, it makes sense CD Projekt RED didn't disclose V's full name right off the bat because the protagonist is someone trying to figure out who they are. While meeting with the doll at Clouds, V responds in this manner after the full name is revealed, "Only people who know me real well can use my real name." This response indicates that even the protagonist doesn't like their real name being used, and reveals more of their personality.
Players can complete the entire story of Cyberpunk 2077 without knowing V's full name and have a perfectly enjoyable experience. However, it's one of the best-hidden pieces of information in the game, and it makes the protagonist's narrative more intriguing. Plus, with the potential Cyberpunk 2077 rumored gig DLC and the 2023 expansion on the way at some point, players might be seeing more of V in the future.